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Sustainable implant is an urban typology that acts as a decentralized infrastructure provision hub on the neighborhood or district scale. Sustainable implants provide integrated infrastructure services that maintain cycles of energy, water and material, as well as provides social and economic returns. The concept originates from Arjan van Timmeren’s research, ''Autonomy & Heteronomy'' (2006), as an answer to the problem of scale versus innovation in infrastructure; wherein infrastructure benefits from increasing returns to scale but suffer from extremely slow rate of change and turnover.〔Tarr, J. A., 1984. The Evolution of Urban Infrastructure in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Journal of Urban History.〕 To answer this problem, the sustainable implant is an instrument for mid-scale facilitation of alternative system innovation. The sustainable implant is a synthesis of techniques for sustainable processing of urban flows within an ecological processing device. The objective of a sustainable implant is to generate qualitative and quantitative improvements for utility service provision.〔Timmeren, A. v., 2006. ''Autonomy & Heteronomy''. TU Delft.〕 A sustainable implant cannot be regarded as a fixed design that can be repeated. The device comprises a guiding principle for a sustainable solution to the mainly non-sustainable flows in new or existing neighborhoods making use of E. F. Schumacher’s appropriate technology, matching technology to need. The sustainable implant facilitates the joint performance of the community as a cognitive agent within transition processes into sustainable development. On a neighborhood or district level, the Sustainable Implant entails the design of a more sustainable main structure for the transportation of water, wastewater, nutrients, energy, materials and/or waste. The sustainable implant is matched to the social culture, the micro-climate, and the client’s ambitions. The technical morphology the Sustainable Implant is formulated by comparing relevant alternatives against the conventional approach. The maintenance of clean urban cycles (via the sustainable implant’s integrated infrastructure approach) is analyzed to prove the fulfillment of the sustainability ambition. Beyond technocracy, the Sustainable Implant is to be socially calibrated and economically profitable. ==Development of the sustainable implant concept== The sustainable implant originated from the desire to find harmony between autarky and returns to scale in the field of infrastructure by means of decentralization of utility provision on an appropriate scale such that a more sustainable urban development can be achieved. In contrast to sustainable architecture, the sustainable implant is related to the flow of materials and energy through the built environment. A sustainable implant will often use decentralized sanitation and reuse for enhanced reuse of water, energy and nutrients, and waste. In his research, Arjan van Timmeren formulated the following five questions: * To what extent are the current technical (infra)structures decisive for the possibilities and impossibilities of sustainable development? * Can the central or decentralized solution of the essential flows generate further processes of preservation at a higher scale level? * Is there an optimal scale for self-sufficiency per flow, and, if there is, what is this optimal scale? * To what extent can user participation and involvement increase by solving sustainability issues? * Should the various techniques for the optimization of the flows be combined in one device and can this be done, or should they be integrated separately into existing (infra)structures or buildings? It is of importance to recognize the need for connection or interconnection with networks at higher scale levels. In fact, the pursuit of full closure or “autarky” even counteracts the principle of the “external economies of scale”. By contrast, the arrangement of the cluster within the larger network can respond to a wish for self-sufficiency, creating some sort of a “quasi-autarky”, with as a direct advantage the use as a fall-back scenario of the increasing dependence on other areas, countries or even continents. Such an alternative network principle can also help breaking through the historical relations between the internal organization within the organizations themselves, and the connections to each other and to the more general social structures in the specific localities.〔Nohria and Eccles. 1992. ''Networks and organizations: Structure, form, and action''. Harvard Business School Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sustainable implant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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